The Knight of the Cart: the story of Lancelot and Guinevere

This is my peer assignment for week 5 of Magic in the Middle Ages. I have expounded upon it a little bit and did some minor editing, as I wrote the original draft of 433 words in about 15 minutes.

Reflect about the following aspects of  The Knight of the Cart by Chrétien de Troyes and write a short essay about it (950-1200 characters, about 200 words).

This romance is about an adulterous relationship between Lancelot and the queen. As we have mentioned in this week’s videos, there are two knights who depart from Arthur’s court in order to rescue Guinevere. They represent different ways of undertaking the adventure. While Lancelot follows Love, Gauvain is associated with Reason. This is why they take different paths to save the queen, although just one of them will be successful. Write an essay about Lancelot’s conception of love in this book: a) Does Lancelot behave according to social conventions? b) Write at least one example justifying your answer. You might want to reflect about the implications of a love un/limited by social rules in your conclusion.

 

I was captivated by this story, although it had a rather confusing start because there were very few names used, mainly just a “knight” or a “maiden”. Finally, as I began to realize the Knight of the Cart was indeed Lancelot, I observed his behaviors more closely. He takes on a hero’s journey to save the Queen. He encounters many obstacles, but his heart remains true to the woman he has fallen in love with, so he fights valiantly, with no regard for his own life, and conquers each impediment in his way, whether it be treacherous terrain, knights bent on jousting and impeding his way into the land from which no one returns, or maidens beseeching him to escort them or lay with them. He agrees to every request of him, intent on keeping each promise, regardless of the internal harm and dismay it causes him, because he learns more about his journey to save the Queen or he gains food or shelter.

I believe he does behave according to social conventions and to the knight’s code of chivalry for making and keeping promises that he knows may inflict harm upon him to further his hero’s journey and save his love. He even has mercy on the son who enslaved the Queen.

I’ve never read fully the story of Lancelot and Guinevere until now, and I always felt empathy for King Arthur, as his lady love and dear friend have betrayed him. However, this version of the story, this hero’s journey, shows Lancelot’s true character and his undying love for the Queen. He faces death repeatedly and will not be swayed by any threats or warnings. Then, Guinevere, thinking Lancelot is dead, is beside herself, grieving, because she believes her behavior toward the one who loves her has caused him his death. Then he nearly kills himself, thinking his love, Guinevere, is dead. That part strongly reminds me of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. I now see why the story of Lancelot and Guinevere is a true love story, especially considering that King Arthur sent his wife off to this land, not knowing if he would ever see here again. I recognize that he was bound to keep his promise to Kay, but Kay was not well-equipped to save his wife, and it was his nephew that had to speak up, suggesting that they should go after her.

I know the moral is love over reason. Lancelot is fearless, and often in a dreamlike state, unaware of the danger he is in, because of his intense love for Guinevere. I admire that. However, I don’t know that reason should be overruled completely, as is implied by the failure of Gauvain, King Arthur’s nephew. Reason has its place, but I suppose not in matters of the heart.

The Name of the Rose: Are all Inquisitors Created Equal?

Watch the movie The Name of the Rose, based on Umberto Eco’s book and directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud. How is the inquisitor Bernard Gui characterized? Does it match the image of the medieval inquisitors as we have studied them in this unit? Explain why.  

 

First of all, The Name of the Rose was a fantastic movie, despite my doubts early on. I expected the film to center around Bernard Gui as the main character, but he did not make his appearance until the very end. Based on the limited scenes that Bernard Gui participated in, in conjunction with the evocative back story provided by William of Baskerville in his confession to his apprentice, Adso, Bernard was bull-headed and perhaps, intentionally ignorant, of the facts of the case. It was his way or no way – death to anyone who dared speak out against him. I think this characterization fits with how we think of inquisitors in modern society, but it is completely opposite of the medieval inquisitors’ characterizations, based on real evidence, that we have studied in this unit.

 

I was more moved by the mystery of the book and William’s quest to solve the crimes than I was impressed by the portrayal of the inquisitor. It seems William is much more suited to the characterization of the medieval inquisitors we have studied because he does not act irrationally – he does his job. This is my understanding of how medieval inquisitors were supposed to act, but as time went on, they became hard-pressed by their superiors to set examples and make people afraid of magic, with the intent that patrons would come whole-heartedly to Christianity and give up their old customs, which threatened the existence of a new religion. William reminded me of an early scientist, almost like Sherlock Holmes, in his dedicated search for clues to the many deaths. Bernard, on the other hand, took testimony (during obvious duress) and did no research to find the real reasons for the crimes. He just attributed them to witchcraft and nearly killed an innocent girl. (Spoiler Alert): The film portrayal suggests she survived somehow, so I’d like to believe that. I still wonder why that particular book, out of the many books that were banned from the Bible throughout time, held such importance. Surely other texts used humor, as well?

A Midsummer Night’s Dream Is NOT A Love Story

Never before had I read or watched A Midsummer Night’s Dream until this morning. Despite some plot and theme preparation from my Shakespeare in Community MOOC, I still managed to hold onto preconceptions that a play about love and faeries would be, well, happy… and magical.

It took me a scene or two to familiarize myself with the characters, particularly because in this play, Puck was played simultaneously by a man and a woman (or so I suppose). While I was relegated to watch a movie version of Romeo and Juliet, I lucked out and found a theatrical production of MSND. In fact, the playbill read:

Harvard-Radcliffe Summer Theatre presents William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Summer 2007 stage production featuring the music of Felix Mendelssohn.

With no surprise, the actors, the sets, and the accuracy of Shakespeare’s language were all of the highest quality. I could have been transported to the Globe Theatre in England, were I not aware of my surroundings. I imagined myself sitting in the theatre during a live performance, which was authenticated as audience members occasionally, unwittingly, stepped in front of the camera, thus momentarily obscuring my view. There was an unbearably long (mere minutes), and oddly placed, intermission, and the orchestra was brilliant. My “seat” was far closer than if I attended the performance in person, so YouTube does have its benefits.

The mechanics of the performance aside, the content of the play truly caught me off-guard. I had no prior exposure to this play in any entirety (not counting a Disney show’s parody, which, in hindsight, did not cast much light on the subject, now that I have seen the actual play), so I experienced every word, every action, every confusing and infuriating moment for the first time. These were fresh emotions and reactions to a Shakespearean play, which I have not felt in many years, since other Shakespearean works have reappeared often throughout my life.

For a play about love, and it is, sort of, in many varied forms, MSND has much hatred, callousness, whining, degradation, and scorn – and that’s before the faeries make their mischief! My utmost surprise came at the lack of love toward Hermia by her father, Egeus. He is despicable and treats his daughter like dirt. Meanwhile, Helena basically harasses Demetrius and even asked him to treat her as his dog (literally) if only he allowed her to love him. She is desperate and crass, loud and rude. After the night’s confusion, Demetrius does come to love her (probably by spell, but since he did mention that he loved her when they were children, it’s possible that his love still exists), yet Helena pulls him down the aisle and must keep his attention during their brief ceremony. It is quite painful to watch. Hermia seems a sweet spirit, with no obvious faults, yet she is repeatedly abused by all the mortal men, including her father and especially during Lysander and Demetrius’ duel. I believe she is the most deserving of the term “victim”.

Finally, to end a very odd play indeed, is the “play within a play”, which is the most ridiculous thing I have ever witnessed, even if it was meant to be a farce. I was put off by the harsh comments of the audience (particularly the Duke) made during the play, even criticizing the actors in earshot and to their faces. Was this the norm in Shakespeare’s time or was this of his own imagining? Hippolyta seems utterly disgusted with her “lover”, Theseus, the Duke of Athens, and rather annoyed at the whole process of betrothal. Her responses to her own wedding and general bitchiness make me want to reread some of my Greek mythology to see why she carries this attitude. Was she forced into the marriage? Of course, the play does not address this; in fact, the Duke and his bride are minor characters in terms of time on stage.

Watching the play in theatre format made me feel part of the performance, but movie versions do have their place – for one thing, the audience is less distracting. Either medium is an exceptional way to see one of Shakespeare’s plays come to life. As we discussed this week in my course, Shakespeare’s plays have been translated into many languages and people even watch them without speaking the language of the land, so my aversion to Shakespeare for not understanding the “King’s English” seems rather arbitrary. And yes, naysayers will emphasize that Shakespeare often wrote and “borrowed” stories that were based on others’ work, such as folklore and poetry, rather than write completely original content, but he made the stories his own, which is what any good writer does. (Lord of the Rings has many mythological references, as does Star Wars, because the themes transcend time.) He used his skillful language, but more than that, he brings these stories to the “Every Man” even today because all patrons of his art can relate in some way to the themes and the powerful emotions. If you can follow a play without understanding the language, then one must think this is due to brilliant acting, directing, and of course, playwriting.

Finally, note that while Romeo and Juliet begins with love and ends in tragedy and A Midsummer Night’s Dream begins with tragedy and ends in “love”, I would attest that truer love is present between Romeo and Julietand the real tragedy lies in the seemingly happy, yet blissfully ignorant, lives of the newlyweds, and even more so, the adulterous Faerie Queen and the spiteful Faerie King.

*As quoted by the director of the production, Joshua Randall, in regard to Puck: “We thought of them as two halves of the same Puck rather than two Pucks. The main reason was because we wanted Puck to be able to explicitly express both female and male characteristics. Since the character of Puck is somewhat androgynous, many modern productions choose to have Puck played by a woman. However, in this production we were highlighting the gender roles and therefore did not want to choose only male or only female characteristics for Puck.”

“How to Say Nothing in Five Hundred Words” review

“How to Say Nothing in Five Hundred Words” is a clever essay by a college composition professor that demonstrates the faulty writing tendencies of freshmen learning to write effectively. The mock student’s essay within the teaching essay is dated – 1950’s college football – but the techniques suggested hold true today. Techniques include what angles to employ when writing, concision and clarity, and word choice. The author uses humor to critique the mock student’s essay, which is so poorly executed that it’s cringe-worthy. Overall, the piece is quite entertaining. The only let-down is the lack of conclusion, which leaves the reader a bit unsatisfied and sets a bad example for ending essays. The pros far outweigh the cons, and this is an essential piece of literature for any beginning writing class.

Roberts, Paul. “How to Say Nothing in Five Hundred Words” Readings for Writers Sixth Edition by Jo Ray McCuen and Anthony C. Winkler. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989.